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Salazar v. Ramah Navajo Chapter
''Salazar v. Ramah Navajo Chapter'', , was a United States Supreme Court case in which the Court held that the United States government, when it enters into a contract with a Native American (Indian) tribe for services, must pay contracts in full, even if congress has not appropriated enough money to pay all tribal contractors.〔''Salazar v. Ramah Navajo Chapter'', No. 11-551, ___ U.S. ___, 132 S.Ct. 2181 (2012) (hereafter cited as Ramah Navajo Chapter).〕 The case was litigated over a period of 22 years, beginning in 1990, until it was decided in 2012.
== Background ==
The Ramah Navajo Chapter is a political subdivision of the Navajo tribe that resides on the Ramah Navajo Indian Reservation in the western part of New Mexico, just east and southeast of the Zuni Indian Reservation. This is the eastern part of the Navajo Nation, which extends westward into Arizona and Utah. The Navajo Nation is divided into five "Agencies" and further sub-divided into "Chapters", which are comparable with county governments.〔, 103 (2003).〕 The Navajo Nation has approximately 300,000 enrolled members.〔Bill Donovan, ''(Census: Navajo Enrollment Tops 300,000 )'', , Jul. 7, 2011.〕 The Ramah Chapter, due to its location, is the only Navajo Chapter with its own Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA) agency and a semi-autonomous government.〔, , at 13; Kathryn D. Manuelito, ''A Dine (Navajo) Perspective on Self-Determination: An Exposition of an Egalitarian Place'', , Spring-Summer 2006, at 7, 10.〕 "()he Ramah Navajos played a leadership role in defending indigenous self-determination efforts in the United States",〔Manuelito, at 13.〕 beginning with the establishment of a reservation school over the protests of local non-Indians.〔Manuelito, at 10-13.〕
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